{"id":774,"date":"2017-03-05T17:27:10","date_gmt":"2017-03-05T22:27:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lvcat.org\/lvcat\/?p=774"},"modified":"2018-10-15T09:15:46","modified_gmt":"2018-10-15T14:15:46","slug":"pa-pedestrian-laws-dissected","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.car-free.org\/lvcat\/pa-pedestrian-laws-dissected\/","title":{"rendered":"PA Pedestrian Laws Dissected"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Introduction<\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Though many people realize that crosswalks exist, there seems to be much confusion among the public as to what to do when encountering a crosswalk when walking or driving.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The laws that dictate crosswalk existence and use are found in <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.legis.state.pa.us\/WU01\/LI\/LI\/CT\/HTM\/75\/75.HTM\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pennsylvania Vehicle Code, Title 75<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This article gathers vehicle code sections pertaining to pedestrian rights and responsibilities. Along with vehicle code excerpts, my personal comments have been added in italics. As I am not a lawyer, my commentary should not be construed as legal advice. Furthermore, these laws may be revised at any time.<\/span><br \/>\n<b>Chapter 1. \u00a0General Provisions<\/b><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> <b>\u00a7 102<\/b>\u00a0Definitions<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Chapter 31. \u00a0General Provisions<\/b><br \/>\n<b>Subchapter A. \u00a0Obedience to and Effect of Traffic Laws<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>\u00a7 3112.\u00a0<\/b>Traffic-control signals.<\/span><br \/>\n<b>\u00a7 3113.\u00a0<\/b>Pedestrian-control signals.<\/p>\n<p><b>Chapter 35. \u00a0Special Vehicles and Pedestrians<\/b><br \/>\n<b>SUBCHAPTER C &#8211; <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF PEDESTRIANS<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> <b>\u00a7 \u00a03541.<\/b>\u00a0Obedience of pedestrians to traffic-control devices and regulations.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0<b>\u00a7 3542.\u00a0<\/b>Right-of-way of pedestrians in crosswalks.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0<b>\u00a7 3543.\u00a0<\/b>Pedestrians crossing at other than crosswalks.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0<b>\u00a7 3544.\u00a0<\/b>Pedestrians walking along or on highway.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0<b>\u00a7 3545.\u00a0<\/b>Pedestrians soliciting rides or business.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0<b>\u00a7 3546.\u00a0<\/b>Driving through or around safety zone.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0<b>\u00a7 3547.\u00a0<\/b>Right-of-way of pedestrians on sidewalks.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0<b>\u00a7 3548.\u00a0<\/b>Pedestrians to yield to emergency vehicles.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0<b>\u00a7 3549.\u00a0<\/b>Blind pedestrians.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0<b>\u00a7 3550.\u00a0<\/b>Pedestrians under influence of alcohol or controlled substance.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0<b>\u00a7 3551.\u00a0<\/b>Compliance with bridge and railroad warning signals.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0<b>\u00a7 3552.\u00a0<\/b>Penalty for violation of subchapter.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Other Chapters<\/b><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> <b>\u00a7 3710.\u00a0<\/b>\u00a0Stopping at intersection or crossing to prevent obstruction.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>\u00a7 3711.\u00a0<\/b>Accidents involving death or personal injury.<\/span><br \/>\n<strong>\u00a7 6109<\/strong>. \u00a0Specific powers of department and local authorities.<\/p>\n<p><b>102. \u00a0Definitions.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>&#8220;Business district.&#8221;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0The territory contiguous to and including a highway when within any 600 feet along the highway there are buildings in use for business or industrial purposes, including but not limited to hotels, banks, or office buildings, railroad stations and public buildings which occupy at least 300 feet of frontage on one side or 300 feet collectively on both sides of the highway.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b><i>Comment:<\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> This defines where bicyclists shall not ride on sidewalks, and pedestrian restrictions in <\/span><\/i><b><i>\u00a7 <\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">6109, above.<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>&#8220;Crosswalk.&#8221;<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(1) \u00a0That part of a roadway at an intersection included within the connections of the lateral lines of the sidewalks on opposite sides of the highway, measured from the curbs or, in the absence of curbs, from the edges of the traversable roadway; and, in the absence of a sidewalk on one side of the roadway, that part of a roadway included within the extension of the lateral lines of the existing sidewalk.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b><i>Comment:<\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> A crosswalk exists under the following conditions: <\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Where a sidewalk would extend across the roadwalk parallel to the length of the sidewalk, measured from the curb line.<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0000ff;\">When there are no sidewalks or curbs, a crosswalk is measured from the corner of two roads to the corresponding corner perpendicular across the road being crossed.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0000ff;\">If there is a sidewalk on only one side of the road being crossed, a crosswalk may be measured as the continuation of the existing sidewalk across the road.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Taken together, (a), (b) and (c) indicate that a crosswalk is present at every intersection, whether painted or not, and whether there are sidewalks on both, one or none of the legs of the intersection. Road user right of way is dictated by whether or not the intersection has a traffic signal or not. If no traffic signals, pedestrians have the right of way per \u00a7 3542(a), but shall not step out in front of motorists without giving them time to stop per \u00a7 3542(b).<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(2) \u00a0Any portion of a roadway at an intersection or elsewhere distinctly indicated for pedestrian crossing by lines or other markings on the surface.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b><i>Comment:<\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Marked crosswalks may be present not only at intersections, but also, mid-block (urban), or any other location where there are such pavement markings. For discussion: Do these crosswalks still exist if the paint has worn off partly or completely?<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>&#8220;Highway.&#8221;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0The entire width between the boundary lines of every way publicly maintained when any part thereof is open to the use of the public for purposes of vehicular travel. The term includes a roadway open to the use of the public for vehicular travel on grounds of a college or university or public or private school or public or historical park.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><i>Comment:<\/i><\/strong><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>Per\u00a0\u00a7 3544, a pedestrian may walk on the shoulder of a highway. We are looking to confirm if a pedestrian may legally walk along the right of way on private propery next to the roadway if no shoulder has been provided.<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><b><\/b><\/i><b>&#8220;Pedestrian.&#8221;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0A natural person afoot.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b><i>Comment:<\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Pedestrians may also include people in wheelchairs, people with children in strollers or people walking their bicycles.<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>&#8220;Right-of-way.&#8221;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0The right of one vehicle or pedestrian to proceed in a lawful manner in preference to another vehicle or pedestrian approaching under such circumstances of direction, speed and proximity as to give rise to danger or collision unless one grants precedence to the other.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>&#8220;Roadway.&#8221;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0That portion of a highway improved, designed or ordinarily used for vehicular travel, exclusive of the sidewalk, berm or shoulder even though such sidewalk, berm or shoulder is used by pedalcycles. In the event a highway includes two or more separate roadways the term &#8220;roadway&#8221; refers to each roadway separately but not to all such roadways collectively.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b><i>Comment:<\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Roadway does not include the shoulder. In the sections, describing pedestrian movements, this definition clears the shoulder as distinct from crossing the road(way), and therefore is my interpretation, that a pedestrian may wait on the shoulder to cross an intersection with no sidewalks.<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>&#8220;Sidewalk.&#8221;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0That portion of a street between curb lines, or the lateral lines of a roadway, and the adjacent property lines, intended for use by pedestrians.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b><i>Comment:<\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> For discussion: \u201cSidewalk\u201d here defines not only a traditional raised concrete walkway, but also the space between a vehicle travel lane and adjacent property lines. Does this mean the shoulder of a road is a \u201csidewalk\u201d?<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>&#8220;Urban district.&#8221;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0The territory contiguous to and including any street which is built up with structures devoted to business, industry or dwelling houses situated at intervals of less than 100 feet for a distance of a quarter of a mile or more.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b><i>Comment:<\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u201cUrban District\u201d defines where a pedestrian is restricted from crossing mid-block as in \u00a7 3543(c).<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>3112. \u00a0Traffic-control signals.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>(a) \u00a0General rule.&#8211;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Whenever traffic is controlled by traffic-control signals exhibiting different colored lights, or colored lighted arrows, successively one at a time or in combination, only the colors green, red and yellow shall be used, except for special pedestrian signals carrying a word legend, and the lights shall indicate and apply to drivers of vehicles and pedestrians as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>(1) \u00a0Green indication.&#8211;<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(i) \u00a0Vehicular traffic facing a circular green signal may proceed straight through or turn right or left unless a sign at such place prohibits either such turn except that vehicular traffic, including vehicles turning right or left, shall yield the right-of-way to other vehicles and to pedestrians lawfully within the intersection or an adjacent crosswalk at the time the signal is exhibited.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b><i>Comment: <\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Turning traffic must yield to pedestrians in a crosswalk who have walk signal or green signal in their direction. Common knowledge, but not always followed.<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(ii) \u00a0Vehicular traffic facing a green arrow signal, shown alone or in combination with another indication, may enter the intersection only to make the movement indicated by the arrow, or such other movement as is permitted by other indications shown at the same time. Such vehicular traffic shall yield the right-of-way to pedestrians lawfully within an adjacent crosswalk and to other traffic lawfully using the intersection.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(iii) \u00a0Unless otherwise directed by a pedestrian-control signal as provided in section 3113 (relating to pedestrian-control signals), pedestrians facing any green signal may proceed across the roadway within a crosswalk.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b><i>Comment: <\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At intersections without pedestrian signals, vehicles must yield right of way to pedestrians who face a green traffic signal. We are unsure if a &#8220;No Pedestrian&#8221; sign at these intersections is enforceable or proof that it is not.<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>(2) \u00a0Steady yellow indication.&#8211;<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(i) \u00a0Vehicular traffic facing a steady yellow signal is thereby warned that the related green indication is being terminated or that a red indication will be exhibited immediately thereafter.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(ii) \u00a0Unless otherwise directed by a pedestrian-control signal as provided in section 3113, pedestrians facing a steady yellow signal are thereby advised that there is insufficient time to cross the roadway before a red indication is shown and no pedestrian shall then start to cross the roadway.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b><i>Comment:<\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> At intersections without pedestrian signals, pedestrians should watch the traffic signal, and should not start to cross if faced with a steady yellow signal.<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>(3) \u00a0Steady red indication.&#8211;<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(i) \u00a0Vehicular traffic facing a steady red signal alone shall stop at a clearly marked stop line, or if none, before entering the crosswalk on the near side of the intersection, or if none, then before entering the intersection and shall remain standing until an indication to proceed is shown except as provided in subparagraph (ii).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(ii) \u00a0Unless signing is in place prohibiting a turn, vehicular traffic facing a steady red signal may enter the intersection to turn right, or to turn left from a one-way highway onto a one-way highway after stopping as required by subparagraph (i). Such vehicular traffic shall yield the right-of-way to pedestrians lawfully within an adjacent crosswalk and to other traffic lawfully using the intersection.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(iii) \u00a0Unless otherwise directed by a pedestrian-control signal as provided in section 3113, pedestrians facing a steady red signal alone shall not enter the roadway.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>Comment:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> At intersections without pedestrian signals,with a steady red signal, vehicles must stop at a stop line or before entering the crosswalk, or if none, then before entering the intersection (pedestrians may be present). When making a legal turn-on-red, vehicles who stop, must yield right of way to pedestrians before turning. Pedestrians shall not cross when faced with a steady red signal.<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><b>(b) \u00a0Places other than intersections.&#8211;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the event an official traffic-control signal is erected and maintained at a place other than an intersection, the provisions of this section shall be applicable except as to those provisions which by their nature can have no application. Any stop required shall be made at a sign or marking on the pavement indicating where the stop shall be made, but in the absence of any such sign or marking the stop shall be made at the signal.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>(c) \u00a0Inoperable or malfunctioning signal.&#8211;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If a traffic-control signal is out of operation or is not functioning properly, including, but not limited to, a signal that uses inductive loop sensors or other automated technology to detect the presence of vehicles that fails to detect a vehicle, vehicular traffic facing a:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(1) \u00a0Green or yellow signal may proceed with caution as indicated in subsection (a)(1) and (2).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(2) \u00a0Red or completely unlighted signal shall stop in the same manner as at a stop sign, and the right to proceed shall be subject to the rules applicable after making a stop at a stop sign as provided in section 3323 (relating to stop signs and yield signs).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Dec. 21, 1998, P.L.1126, No.151, eff. 60 days; July 20, 2016, P.L.861, No.101, eff. 60 days)<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b> 3113. \u00a0Pedestrian-control signals.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>(a) \u00a0General rule.&#8211;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Whenever special pedestrian-control signals exhibiting words or symbols are in place, the signals shall indicate as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>(1) \u00a0Word &#8220;Walk&#8221; or walking person symbol.&#8211;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pedestrians facing the signal should proceed across the roadway in the direction of the signal and shall be given the right-of-way by the drivers of all vehicles.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>(2) \u00a0Phrase &#8220;Don&#8217;t Walk&#8221; or upraised hand symbol.&#8211;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pedestrians should not start to cross the roadway in the direction of the signal, but any pedestrian who has partially completed his crossing on the &#8220;Walk&#8221; signal should proceed to a sidewalk or safety zone while the &#8220;Don&#8217;t Walk&#8221; signal is showing.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>(3) \u00a0Flashing &#8220;Walk&#8221;.&#8211;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pedestrians facing the signal are cautioned that there is possible hazard from turning vehicles, but pedestrians may proceed across the roadway in the direction of the signal and shall be given the right-of-way by the drivers of all vehicles.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>(4) \u00a0Flashing &#8220;Don&#8217;t Walk&#8221; Signal.&#8211;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pedestrians should not start to cross the roadway in the direction of the signal, but any pedestrian who has partly completed crossing during the &#8220;Walk&#8221; signal should proceed to a sidewalk or safety zone, and all drivers of vehicles shall yield to the pedestrian.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b><i>Comment:<\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Pedestrians shall not start to cross the street when faced with a steady or flashing \u201cDon\u2019t Walk\u201d signal, but may finish crossing the street if they began during the \u201cWalk\u201d signal.<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>(b) \u00a0Local regulation.&#8211;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This section does not prohibit a municipality from establishing a summary offense for violation of subsection (a)(2) or (4).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>(c) \u00a0Penalties.&#8211;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The driver of a vehicle who violates subsection (a) commits a summary offense and, upon conviction, shall be sentenced to pay a fine of $50. This subsection shall not apply to those municipalities that establish a summary offense as authorized under subsection (b) with a fine in excess of $50.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Dec. 7, 1990, P.L.635, No.164, eff. imd.; June 25, 2001, P.L.701, No.68, eff. 120 days; June 26, 2001, P.L.734, No.75, eff. 60 days)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>2001 Amendments.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0Act 75 overlooked the amendment by Act 68, but the amendments do not conflict in substance (except for the amount of the fine, as to which Act 75 has been given effect) and have both been given effect in setting forth the text of section 3113.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Cross References.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0Section 3113 is referred to in sections 3112, 3541 of this title.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>3541. \u00a0Obedience of pedestrians to traffic-control devices and regulations.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>(a) \u00a0Traffic-control devices.&#8211;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A pedestrian shall obey the instructions of a police officer or other appropriately attired person authorized to direct, control or regulate traffic.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>(b) \u00a0Traffic and pedestrian-control signals.&#8211;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Local authorities by ordinance may require pedestrians to obey traffic and pedestrian-control signals as provided in sections 3112 (relating to traffic-control signals) and 3113 (relating to pedestrian-control signals).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>3542. \u00a0Right-of-way of pedestrians in crosswalks.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>(a) \u00a0General rule.&#8211;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When traffic-control signals are not in place or not in operation, the driver of a vehicle shall yield the right-of-way to a pedestrian crossing the roadway within any marked crosswalk or within any unmarked crosswalk at an intersection.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b><i>Comment:<\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> At all intersections without traffic signals or pedestrian signals, drivers must yield (slow down or stop) at every intersection where a person is lawfully crossing the street on foot or wheelchair. This raises the discussion: does every intersection include crosswalks (marked or unmarked)? Definition of a \u201ccrosswalk\u201d guides this discussion.<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>(b) \u00a0Exercise of care by pedestrian.&#8211;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No pedestrian shall suddenly leave a curb or other place of safety and walk or run into the path of a vehicle which is so close as to constitute a hazard.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b><i>Comment: <\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pedestrians must give drivers reasonable time to see them and yield, without the driver needing to slam on their brakes.<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>(c) \u00a0Limitation on vehicles passing.&#8211;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Whenever any vehicle is stopped at any crosswalk at an intersection or at any marked crosswalk to permit a pedestrian to cross the roadway, the driver of any other vehicle approaching from the rear shall not overtake and pass the stopped vehicle.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b><i>Comment: <\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is called a \u201cmultiple threat\u201d, when one driver sees a pedestrian and yields, then a driver following in the same or adjacent lane does not see the pedestrian. Therefore, drivers should be aware and and not pass another vehicle that is slowing down.<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>(d) \u00a0Application of section.&#8211;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Subsection (a) does not apply under the conditions stated in section 3543(b) (relating to pedestrians crossing at other than crosswalks).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b><i>Comment: <\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pedestrians do not have right-of-way (ROW) to cross mid-block or between intersections.<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>(e) \u00a0Penalties.&#8211;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The driver of a vehicle who violates subsection (a) commits a summary offense and shall, upon conviction, be sentenced to pay a fine of $50.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(June 25, 2001, P.L.701, No.68, eff. 120 days; June 26, 2001, P.L.734, No.75, eff. 60 days)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>2001 Amendments.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0Act 75 overlooked the amendment by Act 68, but the amendments do not conflict in substance (except for the amount of the fine, as to which Act 75 has been given effect) and have both been given effect in setting forth the text of section 3542.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Cross References.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0Section 3542 is referred to in section 1535 of this title.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b> 3543. \u00a0Pedestrians crossing at other than crosswalks.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>(a) \u00a0General rule.&#8211;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Every pedestrian crossing a roadway at any point other than within a crosswalk at an intersection or any marked crosswalk shall yield the right-of-way to all vehicles upon the roadway.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>(b) \u00a0At pedestrian tunnel or overhead crossing.&#8211;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Any pedestrian crossing a roadway at a point where a pedestrian tunnel or overhead pedestrian crossing has been provided shall yield the right-of-way to all vehicles upon the roadway.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>(c) \u00a0Between controlled intersections in urban district.&#8211;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Between adjacent intersections in urban districts at which traffic-control signals are in operation pedestrians shall not cross at any place except in a marked crosswalk.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>(d) \u00a0Crossing intersection diagonally.&#8211;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No pedestrian shall cross a roadway intersection diagonally unless authorized by official traffic-control devices or at the direction of a police officer or other appropriately attired person authorized to direct, control or regulate traffic. When authorized to cross diagonally, pedestrians shall cross only in accordance with the signal pertaining to the crossing movements.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b><i>Comment:<\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Section 3543(a) and 3543(c) require that pedestrians must yield to vehicle traffic when crossing between intersections, unless there is a marked crosswalk between intersections. Furthermore, Section 3543(c) states that in urban areas, pedestrians may not cross mid-block when adjacent intersections have traffic signals, unless there is a mid-block, marked crosswalk. Crossing intersections diagonally may only be done when authorized.<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Cross References.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0Section 3543 is referred to in section 3542 of this title.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>3544. \u00a0Pedestrians walking along or on highway.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>(a) \u00a0Mandatory use of available sidewalk.&#8211;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Where a sidewalk is provided and its use is practicable, it is unlawful for any pedestrian to walk along and upon an adjacent roadway.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>(b) \u00a0Absence of sidewalk.&#8211;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Where a sidewalk is not available, any pedestrian walking along and upon a highway shall walk only on a shoulder as far as practicable from the edge of the roadway.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>(c) \u00a0Absence of sidewalk and shoulder.&#8211;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Where neither a sidewalk nor a shoulder is available, any pedestrian walking along and upon a highway shall walk as near as practicable to an outside edge of the roadway and, if on a two-way roadway, shall walk only on the left side of the roadway.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>(d) \u00a0Right-of-way to vehicles.&#8211;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Except as otherwise provided in this subchapter, any pedestrian upon a roadway shall yield the right-of-way to all vehicles upon the roadway.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b><i>Comment 1:<\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Section 3544 applies to pedestrians walking along a roadway, not crossing a roadway. A pedestrian must use a sidewalk if a sidewalk is present, AND it is practicable (in usable condition and clear of snow, ice and debris). The term &#8220;roadway&#8221; does not include the shoulder of the road.<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b><i>Comment 2:<\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> If no sidewalk is present, a pedestrian shall walk along the left shoulder of a road so long as the shoulder is in usable condition (clear of snow, ice and debris), and it does not necessitate crossing the road twice and\/or walking on the incorrect side of the road. For example, what if there is sidewalk only on the right side of the road that ends mid-block\/between intersections, where there is no crosswalk? Must the pedestrian cross (where there is no crosswalk) to follow the left shoulder of the road?<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>3545. \u00a0Pedestrians soliciting rides or business.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No person shall:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(1) \u00a0Stand on a roadway for the purpose of soliciting a ride.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(2) \u00a0Stand on a roadway for the purpose of soliciting employment, business or contributions from the occupant of any vehicle.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(3) \u00a0Stand on or in proximity to a highway for the purpose of soliciting the watching or guarding of any vehicle while parked or about to be parked on a street or highway.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Cross References.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0Section 3545 is referred to in section 7714 of Title 35 (Health and Safety).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b><i>Comment:<\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> No hitchhiking or conducting business, including soliciting donations.<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>3546. \u00a0Driving through or around safety zone.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>(a) \u00a0Through zones.&#8211;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No vehicle shall at any time be driven through or within a safety zone.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>(b) \u00a0Around zones.&#8211;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Traffic may move on either side of a safety zone unless prohibited from driving to the left of the zone by the installation of an official traffic-control device as provided in this title.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b><i>Comment:<\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> A safety zone is a traffic island between lanes of travel\u2026. Other uses?<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>3547. \u00a0Right-of-way of pedestrians on sidewalks.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The driver of a vehicle emerging from or entering an alley, building, private road or driveway shall yield the right-of-way to any pedestrian approaching on any sidewalk extending across the alley, building entrance, road or driveway.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Cross References.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0Section 3547 is referred to in section 1535 of this title.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>3548. \u00a0Pedestrians to yield to emergency vehicles.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>(a) \u00a0General rule.&#8211;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Upon the immediate approach of an emergency vehicle making use of audible and visual signals meeting the requirements of this title, every pedestrian shall yield the right-of-way to the emergency vehicle.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>(b) \u00a0Exercise of care by driver.&#8211;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This section does not relieve the driver of an emergency vehicle from the duty to drive with due regard for the safety of all persons using the highway nor from the duty to exercise due care to avoid colliding with any pedestrian.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(June 26, 2001, P.L.734, No.75, eff. 60 days)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>3549. \u00a0Blind pedestrians.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>(a) \u00a0General rule.&#8211;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The driver of a vehicle shall yield the right-of-way to any totally or partially blind pedestrian carrying a clearly visible white cane or accompanied by a guide dog and shall take such precautions as may be necessary to avoid injuring or endangering the pedestrian and, if necessary, shall stop the vehicle in order to prevent injury or danger to the pedestrian.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>(b) \u00a0Effect of absence of cane or dog.&#8211;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This section shall not be construed to deprive a totally or partially blind pedestrian not carrying a cane or not being guided by a dog of the rights and privileges conferred by law upon pedestrians crossing streets or highways, nor shall the failure of a totally or partially blind pedestrian to carry a cane or to be guided by a guide dog upon the streets, highways or sidewalks of this Commonwealth be held to constitute contributory negligence in and of itself.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>(c) \u00a0Penalty.&#8211;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A violation of subsection (a) constitutes a summary offense punishable by a fine of not less than $50 nor more than $150.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Oct. 4, 2002, P.L.845, No.123, eff. 60 days)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b><i>Comment:<\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> This is\u00a0universal right of way for visually-impaired\u00a0pedestrians. Drivers should be aware of the possibility of their presence.<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>2002 Amendment.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0Act 123 added subsec. (c).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Cross References.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0Section 3549 is referred to in section 1535 of this title.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b> 3550. \u00a0Pedestrians under influence of alcohol or controlled substance.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A pedestrian who is under the influence of alcohol or any controlled substance to a degree which renders the pedestrian a hazard shall not walk or be upon a highway except on a sidewalk.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b><i>Comment:<\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Pedestrians should be in control of their actions, and may not walk while intoxicated, except where there is a sidewalk. Discussion: My interpretation is that they an intoxicated pedestrian is not allowed to cross the street.<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>3551. \u00a0Compliance with bridge and railroad warning signals.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>(a) \u00a0Bridges.&#8211;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No pedestrian shall enter or remain upon any bridge or approach to any bridge beyond the bridge signal, gate or barrier after a bridge operation signal indication has been given.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>(b) \u00a0Railroad crossings.&#8211;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No pedestrian shall pass through, around, over or under any crossing gate or barrier at a railroad grade crossing or bridge while the gate or barrier is closed or is being opened or closed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>(c) \u00a0Penalty.&#8211;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A violation of this section constitutes a summary offense punishable by a fine of not less than $50 nor more than $150.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Dec. 21, 1998, P.L.1126, No.151, eff. 60 days)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>1998 Amendment.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0Act 151 added subsec. (c).<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b> 3552. \u00a0Penalty for violation of subchapter.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Except as otherwise provided for in this subchapter, any pedestrian violating any provision of this subchapter is guilty of a summary offense and shall, upon conviction, be sentenced to pay a fine of $5.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Oct. 4, 2002, P.L.845, No.123, eff. 60 days)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>3710. \u00a0Stopping at intersection or crossing to prevent obstruction.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No driver shall enter an intersection or a crosswalk or drive onto any railroad grade crossing unless there is sufficient space on the other side of the intersection, crosswalk or railroad grade crossing to accommodate the vehicle operated without obstructing the passage of other vehicles, pedestrians or railroad trains notwithstanding any traffic-control signal indication to proceed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Cross References.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0Section 3710 is referred to in section 3327 of this title.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b><i>Comment:<\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Drivers shall not block an intersection or crosswalk when stopping.<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>3742. \u00a0Accidents involving death or personal injury.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>(a) \u00a0General rule.&#8211;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The driver of any vehicle involved in an accident resulting in injury or death of any person shall immediately stop the vehicle at the scene of the accident or as close thereto as possible but shall then forthwith return to and in every event shall remain at the scene of the accident until he has fulfilled the requirements of section 3744 (relating to duty to give information and render aid). Every stop shall be made without obstructing traffic more than is necessary.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>(b) \u00a0Penalties.&#8211;<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(1) \u00a0Except as otherwise provided in this section, any person violating this section commits a misdemeanor of the first degree.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(2) \u00a0If the victim suffers serious bodily injury, any person violating subsection (a) commits a felony of the third degree, and the sentencing court shall order the person to serve a minimum term of imprisonment of not less than 90 days and a mandatory minimum fine of $1,000, notwithstanding any other provision of law.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(3) \u00a0(i) \u00a0If the victim dies, any person violating subsection (a) commits a felony of the second degree, and the sentencing court shall order the person to serve a minimum term of imprisonment of not less than three years and a mandatory minimum fine of $2,500, notwithstanding any other provision of law.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(ii) \u00a0In addition to the minimum term of imprisonment provided for in subparagraph (i), the Pennsylvania Commission on Sentencing shall provide within its guidelines a sentencing enhancement if the victim dies as the result of a violation of subsection (a). The provisions of this subparagraph shall not be an element of the crime, and notice of the provisions of this subparagraph shall not be required prior to conviction, but reasonable notice of the Commonwealth&#8217;s intention to proceed under this subparagraph shall be provided after conviction and before sentencing.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>(c) \u00a0Authority of sentencing court.&#8211;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There shall be no authority in any court to impose on an offender to which this section is applicable any lesser sentence than provided for in subsection (b)(2) or (3) or to place such offender on probation or to suspend sentence. Sentencing guidelines promulgated by the Pennsylvania Commission on Sentencing shall not supersede the mandatory sentences provided in this section.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>(d) \u00a0Definitions.&#8211;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Deleted by amendment).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Dec. 11, 1986, P.L.1530, No.166, eff. 60 days; Apr. 4, 1996, P.L.53, No.18, eff. 60 days; Oct. 19, 2010, P.L.557, No.81, eff. 60 days; July 5, 2012, P.L.914, No.93, eff. 60 days; June 30, 2014, P.L.814, No.85, eff. 60 days)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>2014 Amendment.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0Act 85 amended subsec. (b).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>2010 Amendment.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0Act 81 deleted subsec. (d). The preamble of Act 81 provided that Act 81 may be referred to as the Sgt. Michael C. Weigand Law.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>1996 Amendment.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0Act 18 amended subsecs. (b), (c) and (d).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Cross References.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0Section 3742 is referred to in sections 1532, 1541, 1542, 1611, 3744, 3745.1 of this title; section 3103 of Title 23 (Domestic Relations); section 5551 of Title 42 (Judiciary and Judicial Procedure).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>6109. \u00a0Specific powers of department and local authorities.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>(a) \u00a0Enumeration of police powers.&#8211;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The provisions of this title shall not be deemed to prevent the department on State-designated highways and local authorities on streets or highways within their physical boundaries from the reasonable exercise of their police powers. The following are presumed to be reasonable exercises of police power:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(16) \u00a0Prohibiting pedestrians from crossing a roadway in a business district or any designated highway except in a crosswalk.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(17) \u00a0Restricting pedestrian crossings at unmarked crosswalks.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b><i>Comment:<\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Question, in #17 above, how would police formally restrict pedestrian crossing at unmarked crosswalks? (by signage or presence of an officer?) Does permanent signage fall under police powers?<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>More Resources:<\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PennDOT Pedestrian Safety Page<\/span><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.penndot.gov\/TravelInPA\/Safety\/TrafficSafetyAndDriverTopics\/Pages\/Pedestrian-Safety.aspx\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">http:\/\/www.penndot.gov\/TravelInPA\/Safety\/TrafficSafetyAndDriverTopics\/Pages\/Pedestrian-Safety.aspx<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CAT Walk Page<\/span><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.lvcat.org\/lvcat\/our-mission\/take-a-walk\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">http:\/\/www.lvcat.org\/lvcat\/our-mission\/take-a-walk\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PennDOT Pedestrian Presentation 2009<\/span><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.dvrpc.org\/transportation\/safety\/presentations\/pdf\/2009-07\/Gary_Modi_PennDOT.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">http:\/\/www.dvrpc.org\/transportation\/safety\/presentations\/pdf\/2009-07\/Gary_Modi_PennDOT.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Comments written by Scott Slingerland, P.E., LCI, Director<\/p>\n<p>Coalition for Appropriate Transportation (CAT)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction Though many people realize that crosswalks exist, there seems to be much confusion among the public as to what to do when encountering a crosswalk when walking or driving.&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1492,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,8],"tags":[30,29,28,32,31],"class_list":["post-774","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-education","category-walk","tag-laws","tag-lehigh-valley","tag-pedestrian","tag-pennsylvania","tag-vehicle-code"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.car-free.org\/lvcat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/774","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.car-free.org\/lvcat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.car-free.org\/lvcat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.car-free.org\/lvcat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.car-free.org\/lvcat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=774"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.car-free.org\/lvcat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/774\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1704,"href":"https:\/\/www.car-free.org\/lvcat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/774\/revisions\/1704"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.car-free.org\/lvcat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1492"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.car-free.org\/lvcat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=774"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.car-free.org\/lvcat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=774"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.car-free.org\/lvcat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=774"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}